Digital signal processors dsps are very important in various engineering disciplines. This article provides a dtmf example of how the mac module in a typical maxq microcontroller can be used to solve realworld probl. Preethy department of computer science georgia state university 30 pryor st. This paper proposed the design of multiply and accumulate mac unit using the techniques of ancient indian vedic mathematics that have been modified to improve performance. Vedic mathematics is the ancient system of mathematics which has a unique technique of calculations based on 16 sutras.
Double throughput multiplyaccumulate unit for flexcore. Using these two instructions means that the multiply accumulate unit can switch between operating as a multiplier and a multiply accumulate unit. Nahmias et al photonic multiply accumulate operations for neural networks 7701518 domain to the photonic domain and back. Conference paper pdf available july 2019 with 246 reads. Architecture and implementation of a vectorsimd multiply. The work proposes a new multiplyandaccumulate mac processing unit structure that is highly suitable for ondevice convolutional neural networks c.
Low complexity multiplyaccumulate units for convolutional. The vector mac can perform one 64spl times64, two 32spl times32, four 16spl times16, or eight 8spl times8 bit signedunsigned. The memory management unit mmu, which provides virtualtophysical address. When the multiplyaccumulate unit result needs to be removed so that the unit can operate as a multiplier, the first.
Performing the same operation in the maxq architecture shrinks code space from 12 words to 9 words, and execution time is reduced. This is also called as parallel multiplier by using the techniques of wallace tree 4 and booth algorithm 1. Multiply and accumulate unit using vedic multiplier. In computing, especially digital signal processing, the multiplyaccumulate operation is a common step that computes the product of two numbers and adds that product to an accumulator. Signal processing with the maxq multiplyaccumulate unit. A unified multiplyaccumulate unit for pairingbased.
The vector mac can perform one 64spl times64, two 32spl times32, four 16spl times16, or eight 8spl times8 bit signedunsigned multiply using essentially the same hardware as a scalar 64bit mac and with only a small increase in delay. In most systems using digital signal processing multiply accumulate mac is one of the main functions. Multiply and multiply accumulate arm information center. Pdf design of efficient reversible multiply accumulate mac. Firstly, multiplier computes the given number output and the result is. The hardware unit that performs the operation is known as a multiplieraccumulator mac, or mac unit. Multiply accumulate is a common operation that computes the product of two numbers and adds that product to an accumulator. Multiply accumulate unit general architecture of a mac unit is shown in to the figure 1. Review on design of low power multiply and accumulate. Feed forwardcutsetfree pipelined multiplyaccumulate. Multiply accumulate mac unit consists of multiplier, adder and an accumulator. Firstly it computes the product of given numbers and forward the result for the second stage operation i.
The addition circuitry for receiving multiplication terms from the multiplier and operable to. Mac unit performs both multiply and addition functions. Pdf an approximate multiplyaccumulate unit with low power. This work presents 64bit fixedpoint vector multiply accumulator mac architecture capable of supporting multiple precisions. Pdf an approximate multiplyaccumulate unit with low. Traditional microcontrollers and digital signal processors dsps are sometimes viewed as.
The power analysis for mac unit is carried out for image filtering application exploiting insignificant bits in pixel values. Pdf design of efficient reversible multiply accumulate mac unit. Multiplyaccumulate operation wikipedia republished. Coldfire architecture cores print nxp semiconductors. Function of addition and multiplication is performed by the mac unit. Hardware accelerators have been proposed for cnns which typically contain large numbers of multiplyaccumulate mac units, the multipliers of. Mac determines the speed and improves the performance of the entire system6. An approximate multiplyaccumulate unit with low power and reduced area. Multiplyaccumulate architecture using carry save adder. Multiply accumulate mac unit easily explained i get the point that in dsp processing mac units are required but that is about it. This training module covers 68kcoldfire architecture objectives explain the features of the v2, v3, v4, v4e, v5, and v5e coldfire cores. Fpga implementation of low power and high speed 64bit. Architecture and implementation of a vectorsimd multiply accumulate unit abstract. Department of computer science, university of bristol, bristol, bs8 1ub, u.
Design of high speed mac multiply and accumulate unit based. For high speed mac unit, faster adder and multiplier circuits are required. Review on design of low power multiply and accumulate unit. Conventionally a mac unit is made up of a chain of a multiplier and an accumulate adder, with a pipeline register in between, and an accumulate register for data feedback. In contrast the current paper provides much greater detail and analysis, and evaluates our pasm unit in the context of a convolutional neural. High speed and areaefficient multiply accumulate mac unit for. Speedup of a large wordwidth highspeed asynchronous multiply and accumulate unit liang zhou member ieee and scott c. The multiplier arranged to receive first and second operands and operable to generate multiplication terms. Design of square and multiply and accumulatemac unit by. The maxq multiplier is a true multiply accumulate unit. High speed and areaefficient multiply accumulate mac. Pdf high speed and areaefficient multiply accumulate mac unit. If you need extended precision, you can address the mac units 40bit accumulator includes 8 guard bits as two 16bit and one 8bit register and individually copy the contents.
Multiply accumulate mac unit is designed by using multipliers and adders both will be joined by an accumulate unit. Null convention multiply and accumulate unit with conditional rounding, scaling, and saturation s. Design of fast floating point multiply accumulate unit. Multiply and multiply accumulate the multiply instructions make use of special hardware that implements integer multiplication. During the first execute stage of a multiply instruction, the multiplier and multiplicand operands are read onto the a an.
Design and performance analysis of multiplyaccumulate. Design and implementation of multiply accumulate unit for large arithmetic unit operations m. Swift and approximate multiply and accumulate unit for embedded dsp applications. A new architecture for multipleprecision floatingpoint. Mac unit performs multiplication and accumulation process. Design of 16bit floating point multiply and accumulate unit. Null convention multiply and accumulate unit with conditional. Rolla school of electrical engineering and computer science department of electrical and computer engineering box 162450 123 emerson electric co. Module introduction purpose this training module covers 68kcoldfire architecture objectives explain the features of the v2, v3, v4, v4e, v5, and v5e coldfire cores. In the present conventional circuits, the multiply accumulate unit multiplies the two operands, adds the product to the previously accumulated result and stores back the new result in the accumulator all in a single clock cycle.
The multiplyaccumulate mac operation calculates the product of two numbers and adds the result to an accumulator. Developing high speed and low power mac is crucial to use dsp in the future wsn. Multiplyaccumulate operation wikipedia republished wiki 2. Faster additions and multiplications are of extreme.
Pdf the multiplication and accumulation are the vital operations involved in almost all the digital signal processing applications. Signal processing with the maxq multiplyaccumulate unit mac. In computing, especially digital signal processing, the multiply accumulate operation is a common step that computes the product of two numbers and adds that product to an accumulator. In this paper, a floating point multiply and accumulate unit is designed using ancient mathematics that reduces the number of partial products to be added as. A mac unit is simply one of the main units in all digital signal processors which performs the multiplication of two numbers of any radix and accumulates the byproducts in order. A new architecture for multipleprecision floatingpoint multiply add fused unit design libo huang, li shen, kui dai, zhiying wang school of computer national university of defense technology changsha, 410073, p. Mac unit is a fundamental block in the computing devices, especially digital signal processor dsp.
Design of fast floating point multiply accumulate unit using. Keywords reversible mac unit is discussed in section 4. Abstract a high speed and areaefficient merged multiply accumulate mac units is proposed in this work. Thus, the output of the multiplier is stored in registers in each cycle. Generally mac unit consists of three u floatingpoint multiplier, adder and an accumulator. I get the point that in dsp processing mac units are required but that is about it. Digital signal processing, multiplyaccumulate unit, wireless sensor network. The mac unit is a unit that is mostly demanded in dsp applications. Low power multiply accumulate unit mac for dsp applications. Praveena guideassistant professor abstract this paper proposed the design of multiply and accumulate mac unit using the techniques of ancient indian vedic mathematics that have been modified to improve performance. Design and implementation of multiply accumulate unit for. Design of multiply and accumulate unit using vedic. In recent years, multiply accumulate mac unit is developing for various high performance applications. Unit this chapter describes the mcf5307 multiply accumulate mac unit, which executes integer multiply, multiplyaccumulate, and miscellaneous register instructions.
High speed and areaefficient multiply accumulate mac unit for digital signal prossing application a. Speedup of a large wordwidth highspeed asynchronous. In this paper, a novel reversible multiply accumulate unit is proposed. Basic mac unit consists of multiplier, adder, and accumulator. Photonic multiplyaccumulate operations for neural networks. The hardware unit that performs the operation is known as a multiplieraccumulator mac. To realize the areaefficient and high speed mac unit proposed in this work, first we examine the critical delays and hardware complexities of conventional mac architectures to derive at a. I should have suggested multiplyaccumulate operation among the alternative noun forms.
A 175mv multiply accumulate unit using an adaptive supply voltage and body bias asb architecture published in. In present day mac unit is demanded in most of the digital signal processing. I have a mac unit for a transport triggered architecture processor, but for some reason. A 175mv multiplyaccumulate unit using an adaptive supply. I was looking for a lower level explanation of the mac unit and operations. This chapter describes the mcf5307 multiply accumulate mac unit, which executes integer multiply, multiply accumulate, and miscellaneous register instructions. The multiplyaccumulate mac unit, alu, and barrel shifter are separate but cannot, switching for interrupt processing. The developed technique is found to reduce dynamic power consumption by analyzing the bit patterns in. C166s v1 multiply accumulate unit infineon technologies. Implementation of static and semistatic versions of a 24. Explain the features and functionality of the floating point unit fpu, memory management unit mmu, multiply accumulate unit mac, and the enhanced multiply accumulate unit emac. The maxq multiplier is a true multiplyaccumulate unit.
It provides superb support for the execution of dsp operations within the context of a single processor at a minimal hardware cost. The mac is integrated into the operand execution pipeline oep. Explain the features and functionality of the floating point unit fpu, memory management unit mmu, multiplyaccumulate unit mac, and the enhanced multiplyaccumulate unit emac. The multiply accumulate unit mac is the main computational kernel in dsp architectures. Multiplyaccumulate mac unit with 32bit accumulator to support 16.
Design of multiply and accumulate unit using vedic multiplication techniques v. When the multiply accumulate unit result needs to be removed so that the unit can operate as a multiplier, the first of the abovereferenced instructions is implemented. Bridged floatingpoint fused multiplyadd design pdf. Design of efficient reversible multiply accumulate mac unit. Using these two instructions means that the multiplyaccumulate unit can switch between operating as a multiplier and a multiplyaccumulate unit. Z unit is made up of a multiplier and an accumulator as shown in fig. The speed of mac depends greatly on the multiplier. The applications of mac unit are digital signal processors, microprocessors, and logic units and. The performance of the whole system depends on the performance of the mac units. The work proposes a new multiply and accumulate mac processing unit structure that is highly suitable for ondevice convolutional neural networks c.
Many of the modern deep learning, machine learning, and artificial intelligence algorithms use adders, multipliers, and multiply. Multiply and accumulate unit using vedic multiplier august 30th, 2017 multiply accumulate mac unit is designed by using multipliers and adders both will be joined by an accumulate unit the applications of mac unit are digital signal processors microprocessors and logic units and mac. Design of high speed mac multiply and accumulate unit. The article of claim 6, wherein the first multiply accumulate operation comprises a single instructionmultiple data simd operation. The mac inputs are obtained from the memory location and given to the multiplier block. A mac unit, specialized to perform 2d convolution, is designed following the proposed approach and implemented in tsmc 40nm technology in four different configurations.
A unified multiply accumulate unit for pairingbased cryptography over prime, binary and ternary fields tobias vejda. Us7107305b2 multiplyaccumulate mac unit for single. An arithmetic unit for selectively implementing one of a multiply and multiply accumulate instruction, including a multiplier, addition circuitry, a result register, and accumulator circuitry. A poweraware variableprecision multiply accumulate unit. This paper proposed the design of square and multiply and accumulatemac unit using the techniques of ancient indian vedic mathematics that have been modified to improve performance. Review on multiplyaccumulate unit semantic scholar. If both the computing is executed in a single rounding then it is said to be fused multiplyaddaccumulate mac unit.
In the static state, the previous values are held, so as to avoid any switching from occurring in. The enhacement multiply accumulate emac module, based on the original mac, but is optimized for 32 x 32 bit operations. A highperformance and lowpower 32bit multiplyaccumulate unit. This paper presents the design and implementation of 16bit floating point multiply and accumulate mac unit. An approximate multiply accumulate unit with low power and reduced area. The multiplication accumulation mac operation is the main computational kernel in digital signal processing dsp architectures. Multiply accumulate mac unit easily explained been looking for a good explanation on mac operations but i found nothing that satisfies my curiosity. The design of low power high performance multiply and accumulate mac unit is presented in this paper. In the modular maxq architecture, a singlecycle 16x16 multiply accumulate unit mac is added to facilitate simple signal processing on the control processor.